Bloody Siege Ends Myanmar Army Control in Rakhine

Bloody Siege Ends Myanmar Army Control of Western Border

The bloody conflict in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar, has reached a pivotal moment as the Arakan Army (AA) takes full control of the border with Bangladesh. The fall of the Border Guard Police (BGP5) barracks signals the most significant defeat for the Myanmar military junta since the coup in 2021.

Key Events in the Siege

The BGP5 compound, built on the ruins of the Rohingya village Myo Thu Gyi, became the Myanmar army’s last stronghold in the region. Despite fortified defenses including mines, bunkers, and trenches, the AA’s persistent attacks overwhelmed the base. Hundreds of junta soldiers lost their lives, and over 450 were killed during the siege. Many soldiers surrendered in a desperate state, some on crutches, while the AA raised its flag over the captured compound.

Strategic Importance

With BGP5’s fall, the AA now controls the entire 270km border with Bangladesh. This makes it the first insurgent group to gain complete control over a state’s territory in Myanmar. The junta has been losing ground throughout 2023, retreating from towns and villages in Rakhine State, leaving the capital Sittwe as their only remaining foothold.

Impact on Civilians and the Rohingya Population

The region’s civilians, including the Rohingya population, have faced immense suffering. According to a UN report, 80% of homes in Maungdaw and surrounding villages have been destroyed, and famine looms due to displacement and lack of supplies. Relations between the Rohingya and Rakhine populations remain strained, as many Rohingyas were expelled or denied return to areas under AA control.

Challenges Ahead

The AA’s victory raises questions about the future governance of Rakhine State. The group has pledged to include all communities in its administration but faces challenges in addressing the humanitarian crisis. The shadow government’s vision of a federal Myanmar contrasts with China’s push for a ceasefire, potentially leaving the military junta with residual power.

As Myanmar’s civil war continues, the fall of BGP5 underscores the evolving dynamics between ethnic insurgent groups, the shadow government, and international stakeholders.